Dissemination of bla OXA-370 gene among several Enterobacteriaceae species in Brazil

OXA-370 is a recently described OXA-48 variant that has only been described in a few Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of OXA-370-producing isolates in carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae recovered from 28 hospitals from Brazil. Real-time PCR was used to determine the presence of bla NDM-1, bla KPC-2, bla VIM-type, bla GES-type, bla OXA-48-like, and bla IMP-type genes. A total of 4,451 Enterobacteriaceae were screened. The gene bla OXA-48-like was detected in 74 (2.5%) isolates, mostly of Enterobacter spp. (44.6% E. cloacae and 2.7% E. aerogenes) and Klebsiella spp. (31.1% K. pneumoniae and 6.7% K. oxytoca), followed by Escherichia coli, (6.7%), Morganella morganii, (2.7%), Citrobacter freundii (1.3%), Proteus mirabilis (1.3%), Providencia stuartii (1.3%), and Serratia spp. (1.3%). These isolates were from five hospitals, 67 (90.5%) from the hospital where the bla OXA-370 was first described. Sequencing of bla OXA-48-like was performed in 52 isolates, including E. cloacae, E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E. coli, and C. freundii; all presenting 100% identity with bla OXA-370. PFGE revealed the presence of distinct clones among K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, K. oxytoca, and E. coli. Susceptibility rates to meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem among OXA-370-producing isolates were 92.3%, 78.8%, 7.7% respectively; the MIC50 /MIC90 were 0.38/2 mg/L and 1/3 mg/L for meropenem and imipenem respectively. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility analysis suggests that OXA-370 lacks carbapenemase activity. Our study demonstrated that the bla OXA-370 gene is disseminated among several Enterobacteriaceae species and clones, indicating a high potential for dissemination.