Aspects Épidémiologiques de la Dermatite Atopique au CHU Borgou-Alibori de Parakou (Benin)

RESUME Introduction. La dermatite atopique (DA) est une maladie cutanee inflammatoire dont la prevalence et l’incidence sont en augmentation. L’objectif de notre travail etait de decrire les aspects epidemiologiques de cette pathologie au CHU Borgou-Alibori a Parakou (Benin). Patients et methodes. Il s’agit d’une etude transversale retrospective et descriptive, realisee depuis 2009 annee de creation du service de dermatologie-venerologie jusqu’en 2017. Tous les patients ayant un diagnostic de DA selon les criteres de « United Kingdom Working Party » ont ete inclus. Les patients ont ete interroges et examines par les dermatologues du Service. Les donnees d’interet etaient epidemiologiques et cliniques. Resultats. L’incidence de la DA dans la population etudiee etait de six cas par an. Le sex- ratio etait de 0,57. Les enfants dominaient notre serie (67,3%). 43 cas (78,2%) provenaient d’une zone urbaine. La notion d’asthme personnel a ete retrouvee dans 16,4% des cas, de rhinite allergique personnelle et de conjonctivite allergique personnelle dans respectivement 14,5% et 5,4% des cas. La maladie a ete attribuee aux facteurs climatiques par 3,6% des patients. Les differentes formes cliniques de DA relevees etaient l’eczema vulgaire (65,4%), l’eczema lichenifie (20,0%), l’eczema impetiginise (9,1%) et la cheilite atopique (5,5%). Conclusion. La DA est d’incidence faible dans notre population. Elle a une predisposition genetique. Les facteurs declenchants de cette pathologie demeurent mal connus dans notre milieu. De ce fait, des etudes approfondies sont necessaires. ABSTRACT Introduction. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease with increasing prevalence and incidence. The objective of our work was to describe the epidemiological aspects of this pathology at Borgou-Alibori CHU in Parakou (Benin). Patients and methods. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study, carried out from the creation of the Department of Dermatology-Venerology in 2009 , until 2017. All patients diagnosed with AD according to the United Kingdom Working Party criteria were included. Patients were interviewed and examined by the department dermatologist. Our data of interest were epidemiological and clinical. Results. The incidence of AD in the study population was six cases per year. Sex ratio was 0.57. Most patients were children (67.3%). 43 patients (78.2%) came from urban areas. A personal history of asthma was found in 16.4% of cases, personal allergic rhinitis and personal allergic conjunctivitis in 14.5% and 5.4% of cases, respectively. The disease was attributed to climatic factors by 3.6% of patients. The main clinical presentations of AD were: common eczema (65.4%), lichenified eczema (20.0%), impetiginized eczema (9.1%) and atopic chelitis (5.5%). Conclusion. The incidence of AD is relatively low in our setting. There is a definite genetic predisposition. Many aspects related to the triggering factors of this condition are still unknown in our community. More studies are needed.