Comparing Pain of the First-generation Long-Acting Antipsychotic Injectionsamong Three Different IM Techniques
2017
Aim and objectives: To determine the optimal technique to
prevent leakage and pain from LAIs, the study compared
three types of intramuscular injection techniques: (a) Airbubble
technique, (b) Z-track method, and (c) a combination
of the air-bubble technique and Z-track method.
Background: Long-acting antipsychotic injections (LAIs) are
often injected through the muscle, allowing the medication
to be slowly absorbed through it. Past literature yields
inconclusive results in how to minimize the leakage and
pain experienced at the injection site.
Design: This experimental study had a within-subjects
design.
Methods: A total of 144 patients who received the firstgeneration
LAIs were purposively sampled from a psychiatry
hospital. All participants experienced the three types of
injection methods over a 3-month period. They were all
asked to rate their level of pain using the numerical rating
scale, and after each injection, medical personnel rated the
level of medication leakage at the injection site.
Results: No significant differences were found in the
leakage level between the air-bubble technique, Z-track
method, and the combination of the two (F=0.53, p>0.05).
Pain level also showed no significant difference between the
three types of injection methods during pre-injection
(F=0.68 p>.05), 5 minutes post-injection (F=0.87, p>0.05),
and 30 minutes post-injection (F=0.97, p>0.05).
Conclusion: During the injection of long-acting antipsychotic medication, we suggest consulting the
guidance of a clinical injection expert. Choosing an injection
method that is most familiar to the nursing staff would
allow the minimization of medication leakage and pain at
the injection site.
Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should make sure the
guidance of a clinical injection expert and verify knowledge
of the IM injection skill. Choosing correct injection site and
process that can effectively experience of pain and leakage
at the injection site.
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