Why Acute Inflammatory Response Can Happen After Adenoviral Vector Vaccines; Is the Interleukin 6 the Secret and How Circumvent that, Is by Adding Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)?
2021
After one year of pandemic SARS COV2, which started in December 2019, it is still
considered a health disaster in all nations. Despite vaccination efforts, the number
of infected people increased, also the number of SARS COV2 variants increased. Certain
vaccinations are approved under Emergency Use Authorization, including those dependent
on mRNA technology, like those developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna (FDA Emergency
Use Authorization EUA), as well as those dependent on Adenovirus vectors, like those
developed by AstraZeneca (covishield, AZD1222 vaccine. (ChAdOx1) (WHO permission)
and Johnson and Johnson, (FDA suspended 13/4/2021 use FDA and CDC suggested the stop
use of COVID-19 (Janssen & Janssen) vaccination when reviewing details of six U.S.
case-rare and serious blood clot cases identified in vaccine-receiving individuals).
The optimal vaccine will have a low sero prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against
the viral vector and a low incidence of adverse events. The protection of non-human
adenovirus vectors used in humans is a primary concern. Global efforts against covid-19
continue, and vaccine production has intensified. Adenoviral vector vaccines induce
an acute immunogenic response that varies according to the immune status of the individuals
injected. The excipient used in the vaccine injection can either increase or decrease
the severity of this acute immune response. For example, polyethylene glycol can decrease
IL-6 while polysorbate 80 or EDTA can increase severity. In comparison to Americans
or Asians, Africans have neutralizing antibodies against the chimpanzee adenoviral
vector, which can result in a less acute immunogenic response (less adverse effects).
Thus, it is necessary to administer ChAdox1 nCov2 to African populations in order
to avoid the vaccine's acute immunogenic impact in neutralizing antibodies existence
(vaccine less effective). The question after discussing the acute immune response
from adenovirus vectors (IL-6 is has a role) and Is adding polyethylene glycol to
adenoviral vector vaccine lessen the vaccine adverse effects.
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