Land use and land cover dynamics in the dehesa of Sierra Morena Biosphere Reserve (Sierra Norte de Sevilla Natural Park, Spain), 1956-2007

2017 
espanolLa dehesa, ademas de los valiosos servicios ambientales que presta, ha jugado y juega un importante papel economico, ecologico y social. En el presente estudio se analizan los cambios en el uso y cubierta del suelo de las dehesas en el Parque Natural Sierra Norte de Sevilla (Sierra Morena) durante los ultimos 50 anos. Se realizo un analisis diacronico para el periodo 1956-2007 utilizando la informacion geografica digital disponible. Los cambios mas importantes observados estuvieron relacionados con: i) el incremento de las areas urbanas, la superficie del agua, areas de reforestacion, areas erosionadas, areas de mineria y vertederos; y ii) la disminucion de las areas de cultivo, de dehesa, de monte bajo y pastos. Las dinamicas encontradas no respondieron exclusivamente a los aspectos fitosociologicos, pero fueron necesarias para explicar la evolucion del paisaje desde el complejo equilibrio entre las dinamicas biofisicas y socioeconomicas, donde tambien los actuales cambios ambientales hacen que sea muy dificil asegurar la persistencia de este particular ecosistema. La actual legislacion promueve el desarrollo de un diagnostico claro de los problemas que este ecosistema enfrenta. En este sentido, los sistemas de informacion geografica pueden ser muy utiles en el establecimiento de las directrices para la regeneracion y conservacion de las dehesas, y en el enfasis de sus valores ambientales. EnglishThe dehesa, a representative savanna-like ecosystem type, has played and plays an important economic, ecological and social role, in addition to the valuable environmental services that it provides. The present study is focused on the analysis of the changes in the land use /cover of the dehesa in the Sierra Norte de Sevilla Natural Park (Sierra Morena Biosphere Reserve) during the last 50 years. In order to estimate the consequences that the change of land uses and, the activities that are carried out on it have on the dynamics of the dehesa, a diachronic analysis was performed for the period 1956-2007 using the digital geographic information available. The most important changes observed were related to: i) the increase of urban areas, water surface area, reforestation areas, eroded areas, mining areas and dumping sites; and ii) the decrease of cultivation areas, dehesa, scrubland and pastureland. The changing dynamics did not strictly respond only to phytosociological aspects, but it is necessary to explain the evolution of the landscape from the complex balance between biophysical and socioeconomic dynamics, where the current environmental changes also make it very difficult to ensure the persistence of this ecosystem. The present legislation promotes the development of a clear and up-to-date diagnosis of the problems that this ecosystem is facing. In this sense, the geographic information systems may be very useful at establishing the guidelines for the conservation and regeneration of the dehesas, and at spreading their environmental values.
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