ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ПРИЙОМИ ОРГАНІЧНОГО ЗЕМЛЕРОБСТВА ЯК ОСНОВА РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ШКІДЛИВИХ ОРГАНІЗМІВ

Organic farming is the concept of harmonious development in the field of agricultural production whichensures the preservation of soil fertility, its protection from xenobiotic contamination and the production ofenvironmentally friendly food products. One of the main principles of organic farming is strict compliancewith the requirements for each stage of agricultural production. That is why it is important to find effectivetechnologies. The influence of technological methods of organic farming on the regulation of pests’ developmentis studied based on many-year experience at the private enterprise “Agroecology” in Shyshaky districtof Poltava region. It has been found that the optimization of phytosanitary conditions of crops in organicfarming is based on the formation of heterogeneous species and varietal structure of agro-ecosystems,taking into account the economic thresholds of pests, pathogens and weeds, and the peculiarities of technologiesinherent in this system. It has been proven that due to application of sufficient amounts of organic fertilizers,growing perennial legumes and green manure crops at the private enterprise “Agroecology” providesoptimal nutrition for crops, which helps to increase their competitiveness with weeds and resistance to damageby some pests and diseases. The microbiological activity of soil in organic farming is 28.4–31.6% higherthan in intensive agricultural production. In addition, changes in the species composition of entomofaunahave been noted. There has been an increase in the number of carnivorous turuns species in the fields of thefarm by 20 % compared to crops of cereals with the use of intensive technologies. During the years of research(2012–2019), the dynamic carnivorous carabids’ density, depending on the species composition andweather conditions in organic farming, exceeded this indicator in fields with intensive technology by 32.6–51.2 %. It was found that the reduction of weediness of crops was associated with compliance with the regulationsof technological measures provided for organic farming such as long-term shallow tillage, use ofgreen manure, harvesting of some crops for green fodder, silage, haylage or hay in the phase of mowingripeness. Widespread use of the principles of agro-phytocenology based on the expansion of species andvarietal composition of cultivated plants, lack of pesticides and adherence to the principles of poly-culturecontribute to the increase in efficiency of natural entomophagous and fungistasis biocenosis, which in turn allows to control pests on the farm.