Características de frutos de durazneros provenientes de ‘el peñón de gabante’, Estado Aragua, Venezuela

espanolEn el mundo existen mas de 600 cultivares de duraznero, lo cual ha sido producto del mejoramiento. La ausencia de la adecuada evaluacion de calidad del fruto y de un programa de seleccion de materiales hace que esta variabilidad no se refleje en Venezuela. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las caracteristicas de calidad del fruto de durazneros producidos en un huerto en ‘El Penon de Gabante’, estado Aragua. Se evaluaron los cultivares ‘Amarillo’, ‘Parcho’, ‘Melocoton ½ Kilo’ y ‘Jarillazo’ durante los anos 2013 y 2014, para lo cual se cosecharon aproximadamente 35 kg de frutos en madurez fisiologica por cultivar y se determinaron las caracteristicas fisicas (incluyendo el color) y quimicas de rutina. Se utilizo un diseno completamente al azar para evaluar los cultivares en cada uno de los anos de cosecha. Se realizaron los analisis de la varianza, prueba de medias de Tukey, y se elaboraron cuadros resumen para cada ano considerado. Hubo influencia del cultivar sobre las caracteristicas fisicas, existio predominio de baja masa fresca, tamano pequeno y baja proporcion entre la pulpa (mesocarpo) y la semilla. Los frutos de los cultivares rojizos presentaron menor brillo, pureza e intensidad que los amarillos. Las caracteristicas quimicas tambien fueron afectadas por el cultivar, y hubo predominio de altos valores de solidos solubles y de la relacion SS/AT, y bajos valores de acidez total. Para el mercado venezolano se sugiere el ‘Melocoton ½ Kilo’ como fruta fresca, y el ‘Parcho’ para el procesamiento y, eventualmente, como fruta fresca. EnglishThere are more than 600 peach cultivars in the world, which has been product of improvement. The absence of an adequate evaluation of fruit quality and a selection program of materials suggests that this variability is not reflected in Venezuela. The objective of this research was to evaluate fruit quality characteristics of some peaches cultivars produced in an orchard in 'El Penon de Gabante', Aragua state, Venezuela. The cultivars evaluated were 'Amarillo', 'Parcho', 'Melocoton ½ Kilo' and 'Jarillazo'. During the 2013 and 2014 years, approximately 35 kg of fruits per year and cultivar were harvested at physiological maturity and the physical (including color) and chemistry routine characteristics were determined. A completely randomized design was used and cultivars were evaluated in each year of harvest. Analysis of the variance and Tukey test for mean comparison were performed, and summary tables were elaborated for each year considered. There was cultivar influence on the physical characteristics. There was a predominance of low fresh mass, small size and low proportion of pulp (mesocarp) and seeds. Fruits of the reddish cultivars presented lesser brightness, purity and intensity than the yellow ones. Chemical characteristics were also affected by the cultivar. There was a predominance of high values of soluble solids and SS/AT ratio, and low values of total acidity. For the Venezuelan market, 'Melocoton ½ Kilo' is suggested as fresh fruit, and 'Parcho' for processing, and possibly, as fresh fruit. Additional key words: Fruit quality, peach cultivars, plant breeding, Prunus persica