Precise regulation of inflammation and immunosuppressive microenvironment for amplified photothermal/immunotherapy against tumour recurrence and metastasis

Abstract Inflammation is a beneficial response of the body in response to external stimuli, while the overwhelming inflammation caused by disease therapy often leads to treatment failure. Therefore, precise regulation of inflammation is essential in remodelling body microenvironment and enhancing the therapy efficiency. Herein, we show an efficient strategy for precisely regulating inflammation and immunosuppressive microenvironment after photothermal therapy (PTT) by controlling release of dietary luteolin through dynamical disassembly of photothermal agent, which dramatically increase the therapy efficiency of PTT and accompanied immunotherapy. As a result, not only the local tumour could be effectively destructed by PTT, but also the combination of PTT-induced immunogenic death (ICD), and regulation of inflammation after PTT and immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment by released luteolin could achieve the effective inhibition of tumour recurrence and metastasis. As a proof of concept, this research demonstrates how to solve tumour recurrence and metastasis by precise regulation of inflammation inherited in cancer therapy.