Heterogeneity of treatment effect of prophylactic pantoprazole in adult ICU patients: a post hoc analysis of the SUP-ICU trial

Purpose The Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in the Intensive Care Unit (SUP-ICU) trial compared prophylactic pantoprazole with placebo in 3291 adult ICU patients at risk of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding (CIB). As a predefined subgroup analysis suggested increased 90-day mortality with pantoprazole in the most severely ill patients, we aimed to further explore whether heterogenous treatment effects (HTE) were present.