Box and block test in Beninese adults

Objective: To determine the Box and Block Test norm in a sub-Saharan population and to compare these data with published norms for North American adults. Methods: A total of 692 healthy Beninese people, age range 20–85 years, were recruited. These subjects were asked to perform the Box and Block Test with both hands. Results: Box and Block Test scores (mean and standard deviation (SD)) for women and men were, respectively, 81.3 (15.4) and 79 (16.6) for the dominant hand and 73.2 (13.7) and 72 (14.8) for the non-dominant hand. Mean Box and Block Test scores ranged from 89.1 (12.7) for people under the age of 25 years to 55.23 (10.5) for people over the age of 74 years. Discussion: Manual dexterity was better for women than men, for dominant hand than non-dominant hand, and for younger subjects. In comparison with published results for US subjects, Beninese subjects had better dexterity below the age of 50 years in both sexes for the right hand and worse dexterity over 64 years of age in both sexes for the right hand. Conclusion: Developing and validating outcome scales in Africa will help to improve functional assessment of African populations in clinical practice and research.