中国境内不同地理型东方蜜蜂线粒体DNA tRNA(上标 leu)~COII基因多态性研究

[Objective] This paper studied the phylogenetic relationship of different geographic Apis cerana in China as inferred from mitochondrial DNA. In order to provide the basic datum for study of the divergence among Apis cerana subspecies as well as to protect and rationally develop the Apis cerana resources in China. [Method] The mitochondrial DNA tRNA(superscript leu)~COⅡ gene of 11 different geographic Apis cerana was amplified using the reported primer pair E2/H2 and sequenced. The alignments were performed using related softwares or online. [Result] The length of PCR product was 471bp. There were nine variation loci in all sequences and their similarity were more than 99%. The restriction endonuclease map showed that one Swa Ⅰ site was absent in Baoshan sample. The alignment of the encoding protein sequence indicated that there was one amino acid mutation in Haikou and Antu sample respectively. Compared with the reported alignments of Apis cerana inside and outside of GeneBank concluded that using the sequence of the non-coding region alone was unable to discriminate Japanese bees from the bees of the mainland China. Based on the analysis of the encoding sequence of COⅡ gene, the mtDNA of Asian Apis cerana can be divided into eight types: Japan-Korean type, Mainland of China type, Chinese Taiwan type, Malysia Sabah-India black morph type, Chinese Hainan type, India yellow morph type, South Tailand type and India black morph type. [Conclusion] There were quite apparent hereditary divergence among different geographic Apis cerana in China. The bees of Haitian Island formed a distinct group gradually due to the island isolation. The result was consistent with the available morphologic appraisal that Hainan bee was a new subspecies of Apis cerana. Some of the sequence products have been submitted to GeneBank of NCBI and the access numbers are DQ385854, DQ388602~DQ388609.