Increased heart rate is associated with intrarenal renin–angiotensin system activation in chronic kidney disease patients
2019
Background
A higher heart rate is one of the risk factors for heart failure and cardiovascular disease. Activation of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the development of hypertension and renal damage. However, the association between heart rate and intrarenal RAS activation is unclear.
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