БАЛАНС АЗОТА, ФОСФОРА И КАЛИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА ПОЧВАХ ПАХОТНЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ БЕЛАРУСИ

Perfect system of application of mineral and organic fertilizers is the main factor for obtaining high level agricultural crop yield with the required quality parameters. The article presents the results of data analysis obtained in dynamics over the last 6 rounds of large-scale agrochemical soil survey in the Republic of Belarus for the period of 1986–2015: for introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers for agricultural crops on arable soils; balance (balance intensity) of supply and removal of nutrients on arable soils is determined; performance of agricultural crops on arable soils is presented. Dynamics of agrochemical indicators of soils arable layer (content of humus, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O, pH KCl ) for 2009–2015 is also analyzed. It is determined that on average in 2006–2015 in Belarus mineral fertilizers have been used at the same level, although since 2012 there is a tendency to decrease of this index, mostly due to phosphorus fertilizers. Perfect level of mineral fertilizers application on arable soils of the Republic of Belarus is determined in the amount of minimum 260–280 kg/ha of NPK to obtain agricultural crop products at the level of 50 c f.u./ha. The conducted analysis of application of mineral (nitrogen, potassium and phosphoric fertilizers) and organic fertilizers in regions and in entire republic, determination of nutrients balance in soil is of great importance for further prediction of yields and maintenance of soil fertility, implementation of required doses of mineral and organic fertilizers taking into account the required performance of agricultural crops for the near future.