La parodia del discurso mítico como elemento clave en la construcción de" Troilo y Crésida"

2017 
espanolMientras que en el texto cervantino que define el nacimiento de la parodia moderna existe una solidarizacion del heroe con la palabra parodiada que desemboca en desengano, en el drama shakesperiano solo a dos personajes –del bando troyano- les esta permitida cierta solidaridad y confianza en el orden del idealismo: los suenos de fidelidad de Troilo que chocaran con la infidelidad de Cresida, y los suenos de honor de Hector que Aquiles privara de sentido. Se les desgarra la confianza en este orden y son parodiados precisamente por querer mantenerse en el. Y resultan ridiculos, Troilo, por seguir los ideales del amor cortes donde reina la lujuria y la infidelidad; y Hector, por ser fiel a su honor donde impera el salvajismo y la ausencia de principios. Llamativo es el caso de Hector, en el que su “juego limpio” –perdonar la vida al enemigo inerme - se convierte en “juego tonto” como le advierte su hermano Troilo, debido a la muerte sucia que recibe de manos de Aquiles y sus mirmidones. Esa es su ironia, tragica y ridicula: es avisado y no atiende la llamada, persiste en su peccatum o scelus tragico: jugar con reglas en un juego sin reglas, lo que lo lleva a morir sin la heroicidad con que mata. EnglishWhile in the Cervantine text that defines the birth of modern parody, there is a solidarity of the hero with the parodied word that culminates in disappointment, in the Shakespearean drama there are only two characters –on the Trojan side– that are allowed to show certain solidarity and confidence in the order of idealism: Troilus’ dreams of fidelity that will crash into Cressida’s infidelity, and Hector’s dreams of honour that will be made senseless by Achilles. Their confidence in this order is broken and they are parodied precisely because they want to respect that order. And they are ridiculous: Troilus, because he follows the ideals of courteous love, where lust and infidelity reign; and Hector, because he is faithful to his honour, where savagery and the lack of principles prevail. Hector’s case is striking, since in this case his “fair play” –he forgives the unarmed enemy’s life– becomes a “silly play”, as warned by his brother Troilus, when he is treacherously killed by Achilles and his myrmidons. That is his irony, tragic and ridiculous: he is warned and ignores the warning, he persists in his peccatum or tragic scelus: to play by following the rules in a game with no rules, which made him die without the heroism with which he killed.
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