Uso de la biodiversidad genética en la agricultura familiar

Through agroecology we maintain a productive agriculture and optimize resources while minimizing the negative impact on the socio-economics and the environment produced by new technologies. Genetic diversity is a fundamental tool to maintain high yields of major agricultural crop species in the world. Many plant species growing in wild ecosystems are valuable for human consumption; associated with cultural value of agriculture in local societies; they can provide a safety net whenfood is scarce. These species are increasingly marketed locally and internationally and constitute an important contribution to the family income. Native varieties but do not have high productivity,they have a great heterogeneity giving them productive stability. This feature is convenient for this type of family farming , because in the same area resistant to diseases other plants are grown, too, some able to tolerate the cold well and other heat, so that the individual production varies with weather conditions and diseases that may arise during crop development. Thus it is that the average performance is maintained year after year. These local genotypes adapted to different places and cultural practices which in turn are determined by weather and other environmental factors, are what we call landraces. The objective of this project is to evaluate the native varieties of different crops adaptation for use in family farming. Different genetic materials from diverse Sweet Corn were evaluated in the crop year 2015/16. This test consists of two repetitions. The experimental unit consists of 2 rows per plot of 5 m apart from each other 0.7 m long. The seeding density was 5 plants / linear m. As a control was used to cultivate Abasto, being the most widely used in the family garden. Crosses were performed evaluate the subsequent segregation between the different materials; this evaluation will be conducted in F2 and F3 (subsidiary’s number) by isolated individual selection of plants. Preliminary results show great genetic diversity and very little agronomic adaptation of the materials, which will continue to work.