Evidence for the Speed–Value Trade-Off: Human and Monkey Decision Making Is Magnitude Sensitive.
2017
Complex natural systems from brains to bee swarms have evolved to
make adaptive multifactorial decisions. Recent theoretical and empirical
work suggests that many evolved systems may take advantage of common
motifs across multiple domains. We are particularly interested in value sen-
sitivity (i.e., sensitivity to the magnitude or intensity of the stimuli or re-
ward under consideration) as a mechanism to resolve deadlocks adaptively.
This mechanism favours long-term reward maximization over accuracy in a
simple manner, because it avoids costly delays associated with ambivalence
between similar options; speed-value trade-offs have been proposed to be
evolutionarily advantageous for many kinds of decision. A key prediction
of the value-sensitivity hypothesis is that choices between equally-valued
options will proceed faster when the options have a high value than when
they have a low value. However, value-sensitivity is not part of idealised
choice models such as diffusion to bound. Here we examine two different
choice behaviours in two different species, perceptual decisions in humans
and economic choices in rhesus monkeys, to test this hypothesis. We observe
the same value sensitivity in both human perceptual decisions and monkey
value-based decisions. These results endorse the idea that neural decision
systems make use of the same basic principle of value-sensitivity in order to
resolve costly deadlocks and thus improve long-term reward intake.
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