Orabase formulation with cashew gum polysaccharide decreases inflammatory and bone loss hallmarks in experimental periodontitis

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the chemical characteristics and the effects of an orabase gel with Cashew Gum Polysaccharide (CG-P) from Anacardium occidentale L. on alveolar bone loss and relative mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, RANK, RANKL, and OPG in the periodontal tissue of Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis. Crude cashew gum was collected and purified by chemical processes; then, the CG-P was mixed with orabase gel. Female rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: saline 0.9% (Sal Group); orabase gel (Gel Group); 50 mg CG-P/1 g orabase gel (CG-P50 Group) and 150 mg CG-P/1 g orabase gel (CG-P150 Group). Periodontitis was induced in the animals; they were treated for 20 days with one daily topical application. The purification process of CG-P presented high yield and resulted in a protein-free product. The treatment with CG-P150 (150 mg CG-P/1 g orabase gel) significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, decreased the relative mRNA expression of TNF-α , IL-1β, RANKL and the RANKL/OPG ratio, and caused a significant decrease in myeloperoxidase activity of the gingival tissue. Thus, the CG-P in orabase represents a potential adjuvant drug for the treatment of periodontitis and possible source of new biotechnological discoveries.