An Update Review on CRISPR/CAS9 based Gene Editing in Plants

Agriculture plays a predominant role in economy as well as it is considered as the backbone of economic system for developing countries like India. A recent advancement in the field of life sciences is gene editing. It is one of the boundless examples of techniques used to explore the understanding of the biological phenomenon. The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) based genome editing approach is a choice of approach due to its simplicity, ease of access, cost, and flexibility. In this review, numerous CRISPR/Cas based approaches have been discussed, also considered recent advancements and challenges to implicate those in the crop improvement programs. In this paper, CRISPR/C as approaches have been used to improve the biotic and a biotic stress tolerance, and traits related to yield and plant architecture have been discussed. This paper, highlights the challenges to implement the gene editing in plants like wheat, canola, and sugarcane. We have also discussed about multi-target editing approaches. Gene editing has potential to edit multiple targets at the same time makes it possible to take up more challenging tasks required to engineer chosen crop plants. Similarly, advances like precision gene editing, promoter bashing, and methylome editing will also be discussed. The present review also provides a list of available computational tools and servers facilitating designing of guide-RNA targets construct designs, and data analysis. The data provided here useful for the exploration of technological advances in gene editing field for the crop improvement.