Experimental Study and Modeling on Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Indonesian Raw Propolis using Response Surface Method: Influence of Pressure, Temperature and CO2 Mass Flowrate on Extraction Yield

Abstract It is well-known that propolis shows potential as an antioxidant. A common method to extract propolis is organic solvent extraction which has drawbacks such as long extraction times and solvent residues. To overcome this, the SC-CO2 extraction method was applied in this work. The milled raw propolis was fed into a vessel. The extraction consists of two stages, static (60 min) and dynamic (240 min). During the extraction, the process variables (temperature, pressure and CO2 flow rate) were set to constant. When the extraction time was completed, the liquid product was prepared for analysis using HPLC. This work provides the amount of propolis wax was 7.02 wt% and the highest yield of propolis extract was 14.4 wt%. The effect of the variables on the yield was experimentally investigated and modeled using response surface method approach. The extract containing bioactive compounds such as galangin and CAPE was proved to have 24.77 μg/mL of IC50 which is closer to IC50 of ascorbic acid.