Temporal lobe contusions on computed tomography are associated with impaired 6-month functional recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI study

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) can cause persistent functional deficits and healthcare burden. Understanding the association between intracranial contusions and outcome may aid in MTBI treatment and prognosis.Methods: MTBI patients with Glasgow Coma Scale 13–15 and 6-month outcomes [Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE)], without polytrauma from the prospective TRACK-TBI Pilot study were analyzed. Intracranial contusions on computed tomography (CT) were coded by location. Multivariable regression evaluated associations between intracranial injury type (temporal contusion [TC], frontal contusion, extraaxial [epidural/subdural/subarachnoid], other-intraaxial [intracerebral/intraventricular hemorrhage, axonal injury]) and GOSE. Odds ratios (OR) are reported.Results: Overall, 260 MTBI subjects were aged 44.4 ± 18.1-years; 67.7% were male. Ninety-seven subjects were CT-positive and 46 had contusions (41.3%–frontal, 30.4%–temporal, 21.7%–frontal + temporal, 2.2% each-parietal/occipital...