Charging and discharging electrochemical supercapacitors in the presence of both parallel leakage process and electrochemical decomposition of solvent

Abstract Simple models for electrochemical supercapacitors are developed to describe the charge–discharge behaviors in the presence of both voltage-independent parallel leakage process and electrochemical decomposition of solvent. The models are validated by experimental data collected using a symmetric two-electrode test cell with carbon powder as the electrode layer material and stainless steel as the current collector.