Electronic device, light-emitting element, solar battery, light-emitting device, electronic apparatus, and lighting device

The present invention relates to a novel electroluminescent element. The invention further relates to an electroluminescent element having a favorable longevity. The invention also relates to an electroluminescent element which has a favorable emission efficiency. The invention also relates to an electronic device that has a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first layer that is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first layer comprises at least a second layer and a third layer. The second layer is positioned between the third layer and the first electrode. The second layer comprises a first substance, a second substance and a third substance. The first substance is a compound that includes fluorine. The second substance is an organic compound that has hole transport properties. The third substance can accept electrons from the second substance.