Creation and measurement of coherent superposition states in multilevel atoms
2010
We propose and analyze a scheme for creation of coherent superposition of meta-stable states in a multilevel
atom. The scheme is based on interaction of a frequency modulated (chirped) laser pulse and a pulse of a
constant carrier frequency with the atom having two meta-stable (ground) states and multiple excited states. The
negligible excitation of the atoms is a priority in the proposed scheme to eliminate the de-coherence processes
caused by the decay of the excited states. The scheme is applied to create coherent superposition of magnetic
sublevels of ground states of the 87 Rb atom taking into account all allowed electric-dipole transitions between
magnetic sublevels of the 5 2 S 1/2
- 5 2 P 3/2 transition (D 2 line).
In addition to the theoretical analysis we consider possible experimental realizations of the proposed
coherence creation scheme and discuss their feasibilities and constraints. We concentrate on a detection of the
superposition state in the Faraday-rotation experiment. Such detection reduces technical laser noise background
and offers high sensitivity of the coherence detection. Moreover, it allows extra control of the atomic sample and
the interaction dynamics by external magnetic field.
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