Tonpilz Underwater Acoustic Transducer Integrating Lead-free Piezoelectric Material☆

Abstract A Tonpilz transducer based on lead-free piezoelectric material was fabricated, modeled and characterized. The stack is composed of two rings of doped BaTiO 3 . This composition was initially chosen due to good electromechanical performance (k t at 40%) and high mechanical quality factor (Q m over 500). Comparison of the displacement at the center of the head mass was performed with a PZT-based Tonpilz with the same design for a center frequency at 22 kHz.