New shape of TEM: membrane polarization, mechanism and possible interpretation

It is known that induced polarization (IP) effect affects the polarization process on a TEM sounding. Usually, it is an effect of electroosmosis type. Numerous formulae, which describe the IPeffect of electroosmosis type in geological media, are known. The most widely used IP model is described by the Cole-Cole formula (Cole and Cole 1941; Pelton et al. 1978). In our calculations, we use a simplified Cole-Cole formula, i.e.: