Development of the maxillary sinus from birth to age 18. Postnatal growth pattern

Abstract Objectives Anatomical and developmental descriptions of the maxillary sinus may be of great clinical importance. An understanding of age-related changes in the dimensions and volume of the normal maxillary sinus may help in the evaluation of radiographs and identification of sinus abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to define growth patterns of maxillary sinuses in children up to the age of 18 years and evaluate the correlation between normal age-related changes in dimensions and volume. Methods The research sample consisted of CT scans of 170 patients subdivided into 17 groups based on age. Normal developmental changes were investigated and linear dimensions measured. Results The maxillary sinus, present at birth, increases in size until the end of the 18th year. The growth pattern includes changes in vertical, horizontal and antero-posterior directions. No bilateral dimorphism was observed, but gender-related differences were found in children over the age of 8 years. The most extensive period of growth occurs during the first 8 years and by the end of the 16th year the maximal values of all diameters and volume are reached. Conclusions A CT study of developing maxillary sinuses allowed a precise evaluation of age-related changes in all diameters and volume to be made.