A VARIABILIDADE AMBIENTAL INFLUENCIA A COMPOSIÇÃO E BIOMASSA FITOPLANCTÔNICA DE UM RESERVATÓRIO NEOTROPICAL

2021 
O fitoplâncton e um importante modelo do funcionamento dos ambientes aquaticos, respondendo diretamente a variabilidade ambiental no espaco e no tempo. Por isso, representa uma excelente ferramenta para o monitoramento de reservatorios, que compreendem ecossistemas altamente heterogeneos longitudinalmente, influenciando na estrutura e distribuicao das especies fitoplanctonicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a variacao da composicao e biomassa fitoplanctonica em um reservatorio no estado de Goias, Brasil, e avaliar como estes organismos respondem a variabilidade ambiental ao longo da extensao espacial em periodos de seca e chuva. O fitoplâncton e variaveis ambientais foram coletados durante um periodo seco e outro chuvoso ao longo de sete locais de amostragem, distribuidos em regioes a jusante da barragem, lacustre, intermediaria e lotica do reservatorio. A composicao e biomassa fitoplanctonica foram utilizadas como resposta a variabilidade ambiental espacial e temporal. Nos registramos uma variacao espaco-temporal significativa da temperatura da agua, turbidez, nutrientes e biomassa fitoplanctonica. Cianobacterias apresentaram a maior biomassa nas regioes lacustre e intermediaria, enquanto as diatomaceas na regiao lotica, em ambos os periodos hidrologicos. A maior biomassa fitoplanctonica total foi registrada no periodo chuvoso. Ocorreu uma clara relacao entre a comunidade fitoplanctonica e a variabilidade ambiental, sendo que temperatura da agua, turbidez e ferro soluvel apresentaram a maior influencia sobre a estruturacao da biomassa. Deste modo, a composicao e biomassa fitoplanctonica podem ser importantes metricas do funcionamento dos reservatorios, e, portanto, o estudo do fitoplâncton nestes ecossistemas e de interesse no seu monitoramento, desde que reservatorios possuem grande relevância ecologica, economica ou de saude publica. ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY INFLUENCES THE PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND BIOMASS OF A NEOTROPICAL RESERVOIR: Phytoplankton is an important model of the aquatic environments functioning, responding directly to environmental variability in space and time. Therefore, represents an excellent tool for the monitoring of reservoirs, which comprise highly heterogeneous ecosystems longitudinally, influencing the structure and distribution of phytoplankton species. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton in a reservoir in the Goias state, Brazil, and how these organisms respond to environmental variability along the reservoir spatial extent in dry and rainy periods. The phytoplankton and environmental variables were collected during one dry period and other rainy, over seven sampling sites, distributed in the regions downstream of the dam, lacustrine, intermediate and lotic of the reservoir.  The composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community were measured as a response to the spatial and temporal environmental variability. We recorded a spatio-temporal variation in water temperature, light, nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass. Cyanobacteria had the highest biomass in the lacustrine and intermediate regions, while diatoms in the lotic region, in both periods. The highest phytoplankton total biomass was recorded in rainy period. We recorded a clear relation between the phytoplankton biomass and the environmental variability, being that water temperature, turbidity and soluble iron the ones that showed the biggest influence on the biomass structure. Thus, the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community can be important metrics of reservoirs functioning and, therefore, the phytoplankton study in these ecosystems it's of interest in their monitoring, since reservoirs have great ecological, economic or public health relevance
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