Protective effects of crude chalaza hydrolysates against liver fibrogenesis via antioxidation, anti-inflammation/anti-fibrogenesis, and apoptosis promotion of damaged hepatocytes

ABSTRACT Four-hundred metric-ton chalazae are produced annually from the liquid-egg processing and always cause a heavy burden due to handling cost in Taiwan. After chalazae were hydrolyzed by protease A, the amounts of hydrophobic, aromatic, and branched-chain amino acids, as well as anserine were dramatically increased. This study was to understand the anti-fibrogenic effects of protease A-digested crude chalaza hydrolysates (CCH-As) on livers of thioacetamide (TAA) treated rats. CCH-As improved (p