Integration development of a Ventilated Active Thermoelectric Envelope (VATE): Constructive optimization and thermal performance

Abstract The use of thermoelectricity in buildings represents a disruptive alternative for indoor thermal needs as it is a technology that allows the elimination of refrigerants. In this line of research, authors of this study have worked on the design and construction of several Ventilated Active Thermoelectric Envelope (VATE) prototypes. A VATE is an industrial-scale modular prototype designed to be installed in the building facade and thought to be an alternative solution for heating and cooling in Net Zero Energy Buildings. Previous prototype modules have been tested to assess their heat power and performance in heating and cooling mode, which could be considered an initial approach towards the solution of designing VATEs that can be replicated. These works have resulted in an improvement of the COP of the system, the relationship of the Peltier cells and the ventilated facade, as well as with the interaction with photovoltaic systems. However, the problem of the thermal bridge when the VATE was turned off remained. Taking into consideration the lessons learned from previous construction solutions, the system has been redesigned, prioritizing in this case the reduction (not elimination) of the VATE thermal bridge. This article describes and justifies the solutions developed, presents the results achieved for heating and cooling, and raises points about what could evolve from this issue.