Mutagens, toxicants, and other constituents in small city sludges in New York State

An analytical survey was conducted of sewage sludges from 15 small cities in New York State for mutagens, forty-four elements, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and radioactivity. Low levels of mutagenicity were detected in several of the samples. PCBs were very high in only one sample. A number of toxic elements were found at elevated concentrations in specific sludges but it is not possible to relate these to specific industrial sources with certainty. The concentrations of specific toxicants in five city sludges were above presently suggested federal guidelines for their suitability for land application. Gamma emission was comparatively low in all samples. The problems of analytical sampling and possible sources of specific constituents in sludge are discussed.