Thermal Incorporation of External Oxygen into EMD‐Derived Manganese Oxides

Oxygen incorporation into electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD)-derived manganese oxides has been systematically investigated by x-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, thermal analysis, and temperature programmed desorption techniques, and compared with MnCO 3 -derived oxides. It has been found that the stability of Mn 3 O 4 is quite different depending on the EMD starting material and on how it was treated EMD-derived Mn 3 O 4 can be classified into three types in terms of the behavior of the thermal incorporation of external oxygen. All MnCO 3 derivatives and EMD derivatives with a low calcination temperature belong to Mn 2 O 4 -Type I, which undergoes oxidation in the temprature range of 570 to 900 o C when calcined in air