Brachiocephalic jump graft fistula: An alternative for dialysis use of elbow crease veins

Abstract Elbow crease fistula can be an alternative for autologous vascular access. Either brachiocephalic or brachiobasilic fistulas could be chosen according to the venous anatomy at the elbow crease. When a median antecubital vein is not present, the cephalic vein is usually too far away from the brachial artery. Thus, a end-to-side fistula must usually be performed after an extensive dissection of the distal part of the vein. In this way, only the proximal cephalic vein can be used for dialysis. To overcome this drawback, a brachiocephalic jump graft fistula was designed. A short segment of polytetrafluoroethylene graft, 6 mm in diameter, is tunneled under the skin and anastomosed to the artery and vein through two short longitudinal skin incisions. From 1981 to 1995, 222 brachiocephalic graft jump fistulas were constructed. The mean age of the patients was 56.1 years, 20% had diabetic nephropathy, and 61.7% had a previously failed angioaccess. Follow-up was obtained in 92.4% of the patients, and overall follow-up was 6,665 fistula-months. Early failure was observed in 4% of the cases. The complication rate was two episodes per 100 fistula-months of follow-up. Primary patency rates (event-free patency) were 85%, 67%, 48%, and 34% at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years. Secondary patency rates (overall patency) were 85%, 72%, 56%, and 43% at 1,3, 5, and 7 years. There were no differences between primary and secondary curves. Brachiocephalic graft jump fistula is a reliable technical variation of elbow crease fistulas for dialysis and can be another alternative to graft access when the cephalic vein is dominant at the elbow crease.