Cancer of the buccal mucosa: a tale of two continents☆

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa in North America is thought to be different from that in the Indian subcontinent. This study compared the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 64 patients with SCC of the buccal mucosa treated at Cancer Care Manitoba (CCMB), Canada, and 64 similar patients treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), India. Overall, cause-specific and disease-free survival for the two geographical groups were calculated and the impact of individual prognostic factors on survival was assessed. CCMB patients were significantly older (p < 0.001), had less differentiated tumour (p = 0.053) and had higher chances of positive or close surgical margins (p = 0.012). At 5 years, they had lower 5-year overall survival (57.4% versus 80.1%; p < 0.001), cancer-specific survival (76.4% versus 85.0%; p = 0.043) and disease-free survival (42.9% versus 66.4%; p = 0.004). Age had an independent influence on overall survival and cause-specific survival. After adjusting for age there was no difference in cause-specific survival between the two groups (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.46,3.17; p = 0.710). The apparent survival difference between the CCMB and TMH patients was due to the difference in the age of presentation and not because of different biological behaviour.