The End Method: Normalization

Normalization is a technique traditionally used within the context of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based on the idea that the different ways psychopathological or environmental events are viewed and appraised by an individual can differently modulate emotions, behaviours, and underlying psychobiological responses. Normalizing interventions are increasingly used in severe mental diseases (SMDs) including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder and can have a relevant role in achieving adequate clinical outcomes. In the present chapter, an overview on normalization approaches, on their potential clinical use in SMDs, and on related concepts (e.g. psychoeducation, mental health stigmatization, stress-related psychiatric symptoms, decatastrophization, treatment adherence) is provided.