Stellar variability in radial velocity

Stellar activity due to different processes (magnetic activity, photospheric flows) affects the measurement of radial velocities (RV). Radial velocities have been widely used to detect exoplanets, although the stellar signal significantly impacts the detection and characterisation performance, especially for low mass planets. On the other hand, RV time series are also very rich in information on stellar processes. In this lecture, I review the context of RV observations, describe how radial velocities are measured, and the properties of typical observations. I present the challenges represented by stellar activity for exoplanet studies, and describe the processes at play. Finally, I review the approaches which have been developed, including observations and simulations, as well as solar and stellar comparisons.