Síndrome CHARGE: reporte de caso

CHARGE syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, which is usually diagnosed during the prenatal or neonatal period with the identification of numerous dysmorphic and congenital abnormalities, characterized by coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, retarded growth and development, hypogonadism, and hearing defects, with an incidence of 1 in every 12,000 to 15,000 live births. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, and between 60% and 70% of cases are caused by mutations in the CHD7 gene at chromosome 8, with the majority (>90%) of mutations occurring de novo. The case of a 6-year-old patient with a multiple malformation syndrome is described, who presented during the physical examination with short stature, ear abnormalities, prominent forehead, a history of esophageal atresia, sensorineural hearing loss, coloboma and horseshoe kidney, which are major and minor criteria for the clinical diagnosis of this condition. Subsequently, complete exome sequencing was performed, detecting a mutation in the CHD7 gene, that confirmed the diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome. It should be noted that although the molecular test confirms the diagnosis, a large percentage of patients with a clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome do not have mutations in this gene sequence; therefore, clinical diagnosis, based on phenotypic features, continues demonstrating its relevance.