Durability of concrete structures in the hostile service environment of desalination plants

Abstract Water desalination plants are needed in arid areas and are situated by the sea shore where salt mist is abundant, fresh water is scarce and environment is hot and humid. These combined factors create a very hostile environment for the components and structures of a desalination plant. Most significantly affected by this environment are concrete structures, in particular intake and circulating water structures. While concrete is a very versatile and durable material it takes considerable effort, knowledge and special techniques to produce a durable material capable of surviving such harsh enviromnent. Countless number of factors must be carefully selected, sequenced and processed to meet the challenges of such hostile service condition. The paper discusses the concrete deterioration mechanisms commonly encountered in desalination plants, and presents mitigating measures taken to minimize these conditions. Such measures include parameters related to concrete constituent material properties and selection, concrete mix proportions, environmental conditions, construction practices and continued surveillance and maintenance procedures. In addition, certain design considerations and other approaches taken to minimize the potential for concrete deterioration are also addressed.