Sistema de producción del Cerdo Pelón Mexicano en la Península de Yucatán

The of hairless creole pig (Cerdo Pelon Mexicano) (Sus scrofa) is an important zoogenetic resource in the Yucatan Peninsula since it is a genotype adapted to the enviroment conditions, it has resistance to local diseases and parasites, and it has the capacity to take advantage of very low nutritional nutrients, also has a very peculiar flavor that has been valued by the Mayan and mestizo communities of this region for this reason is immersed in many of its traditional dishes, this resource has been lost by the introduction of new breeds and crosses that are In order to use and conserve it, it is necessary to describe the characteristics of the production environment, for this work 23 producers were surveyed, the structured interview technique was followed with 83 variables, descriptive statistics were applied and nonparametric tests were carried out for the comparison between production systems. The producers are men with an average age of 47 years, 96% are professionals, with an experience of more than two years in this activity and started production for the interest of conserving this biotype, 56.5% said that the main problem for to start with the exploitation was the acquisition of the breeding stock, the scarcity of pure animals. Three systems were identified: 1) Backyard (26%, the activity takes place in the free areas of the house where the pigs are scattered or in zahurdas (rustic pen) made with recycled materials with a total of 9.25 ± 3.4 pigs); 2) Intensive (30.4%, the animals remain captive in wire mesh zahurdas and / or elevated cages with a total of 98.87 ± 95.5 pigs); and 4) Extensive (43.4%, use is made of soils unsuitable for agriculture and grazing is the basis of the system with a total of 56.27 ± 4 pigs). In general, producers said they had problems to market their products, sales were not constant, and there were no permanent buyers, technical assistance was very scarce, there are few specialists working directly with producers, associations of producers have been formed biotype but unfortunately have little communication causing a very individualized work that does not allow to standardize the management of the different technical, productive and market items. In all three systems there is widespread use of forage plants for food, their reproductive system is free and health management is very basic. This animal is evolving from traditional backyard systems to systems intensive and extensive of a business nature where rusticity and adaptability are used, leaving behind the concept of an animal genetic resource at risk and ensuring its presence in the immediate future as an important option of business.