Influence of acute alcoholism in the phagocyticfunction of the mononuclear phagocyte systemin an experimental model

2009 
Objective: Alcoholics are more likely to have infections, mainly in the respiratory system. Alcohol seems to inhibit the immune system. Despite the extensive literature related to alcoholism, data related to the immune system are still not conclusive. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of acute alcohol intake on colloid distribution in the organs of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Methods: Thirteen male Swiss mice were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 5) - control, and Group 2 (n = 8) - animals that received 0.5 ml ethanol 50%, 30 minutes before the experiment. Colloidal sulphur labeled with 99Tcm was used to evaluate colloid distribution in the liver, spleen and lungs. Colloid clearance was assessed as well. Gamma camara was used to measure the radioactivity of these organs and of a blood clot. Results: No difference was found in the presence of colloid in the organs of both groups. The liver showed the highest phagocytic function, followed by the spleen and lungs (p = 0.021 for Group 1 and p = 0.003 for Group 2). A minimum amount of radiation remained in the blood in both groups. Conclusions: According to the experiential conditions of this work, acute intake of alcohol did not interfere with the phagocytic function of the mononuclear phagocyte system in mice. Objetivo: Os individuos alcoolistas tem uma propensao maior a infeccao, especialmente do sistema respiratorio. O consumo de alcool inibe tanto de forma direta como indireta o sistema imune. Apesar da extensa literatura existente sobre as repercussoes do alcoolismo no sistema imune, os dados referentes a sua interacao, quando administrado de forma aguda, na funcao fagocitaria do sistema mononuclear fagocitario (SMF) permanecem controversos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a influencia do alcoolismo agudo no SMF. Metodos: Foram utilizados 13 camundongos da raca Swiss, distribuidos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (n = 5): controle, e Grupo 2 (n = 8): animais que receberam 0,5 ml de etanol a 50%, 30 minutos antes do experimento. Decorrido esse tempo, injetaram-se 0,15 ml de enxofre coloidal marcado com 99Tcm na veia jugular. Apos uma hora, retirou-se um fragmento de figado, baco e pulmao, alem de um coagulo sanguineo, os quais foram pesados. A atividade radioativa de cada fragmento foi medida em um aparelho de gama-câmara. Resultados: Ambos os grupos apresentaram maior atividade fagocitaria no figado, seguida pelo baco e pulmao (p = 0,021, para Grupo 1 e p = 0,003, para Grupo 2). O coagulo apresentou a menor quantidade de radiacao tanto no Grupo 1 quanto no Grupo 2. Conclusoes: Nas condicoes experimentais deste trabalho, o alcoolismo agudo nao influenciou na atividade fagocitaria do SMF.
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