Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic interventions.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Genetics, excessive exposure to environmental pollutants as well as unhealthy life style practices are often linked to development of AD. No therapeutic approach has achieved complete success at treating AD; however, early detection and management with appropriate drugs is key to improving prognosis. INTERVENTIONS The pathogenesis of AD was extensively discussed in order to understand the reasons for the interventions suggested. The interventions reviewed include the use of different therapeutic agents and approaches, gene therapy, adherence to healthy dietary plans (Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet and MIND diet), as well as the use of medicinal plants. The potentials of nanotechnology as a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach in the design of nanoformulations of AD drugs and the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as theranostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer's disease were also discussed.