Chromatographic detection kit based on aptamer, as well as preparation method and detection method thereof

The invention discloses a chromatographic detection kit based on an aptamer, as well as a preparation method and detection method of the kit. The test paper of the kit includes a bottom board, and a sample pad, a bonding pad, a cellulose nitrate film and a water absorption pad, which are adhered on the bottom board and overlap one another; a detection line is arranged on the side of the cellulose nitrate film close to the bonding pad, and a quality control line is arranged on the side of the cellulose nitrate film close to the water absorption pad; an A aptamer labeled by colloidal gold is applied on the bonding pad; a composite containing a B aptamer and streptavidin is applied on the detection line; streptavidin is applied on the quality control line; and both of the A aptamer and the B aptamer are aptamers labeled by biotin and capable of specifically identifying a same test object. The chromatographic detection kit can display the result in five minutes only by directly dropping a diluted sample to be tested into a sample hole, is simple, quick, sensitive, easy to read result, and convenient and simple to prepare, and so on, and has the advantages of simplicity in operation and high specificity without using antibodies and instruments.