Flexible, Freestanding, and Binder-free SnOx–ZnO/Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes

Here, we demonstrate the production of electrospun SnOx–ZnO polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (NFs) that are flexible, freestanding, and binder-free. This NF fabric is flexible and thus can be readily tailored into a coin for further cell fabrication. These properties allow volume expansion of the oxide materials and provide shortened diffusion pathways for Li ions than those achieved using the nanoparticle approach. Amorphous SnOx–ZnO particles were uniformly dispersed in the carbon NF (CNF). The SnOx–ZnO CNFs with a Sn:Zn ratio of 3:1 exhibited a superior reversible capacity of 963 mA·h·g–1 after 55 cycles at a current density of 100 mA·g–1, which is three times higher than the capacity of graphite-based anodes. The amorphous NFs facilitated Li2O decomposition, thereby enhancing the reversible capacity. ZnO prevented the aggregation of Sn, which, in turn, conferred stable and high discharge capacity to the cell. Overall, the SnOx–ZnO CNFs were shown to exhibit remarkably high capacity retention and hig...