Determination of melamine based on electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ at chemically converted graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ at chemically converted graphene (CCG)-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode has been employed for the determination of melamine. It gave a linear response (R2 = 0.99) for melamine concentration from 1.0 × 10−15 mol L−1 to 1.0 × 10−11 mol L−1 with a remarkable detection limit of 1.0 × 10−15 mol L−1 in 0.1 mol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH = 10). This is much lower compared to other detection methods. To check its applicability, the proposed method was employed for the determination of melamine spiked into the milk samples, and a detection limit of 5.0 × 10−15 mol L−1 was achieved with good reproducibility and stability. All these results provide a possibility to develop an ECL method for the determination of melamine at the chemically converted graphene (CCG)-modified GC electrode.