Structural, Magnetic, and Photoluminescence Properties of BiFeO 3 : Er-Doped Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique

A simple sol-gel technique is used to synthesize zero-dimensional pure and Er-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles. The effect of Er dopant on morphology, structure, optical, magnetic, and photoluminescence properties of single-phase BFO was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal that the structural phase transformation is noticed from rhombohedral to orthorhombic with substitution of Er to pure BFO. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), morphology of the synthesized samples were spherical in shape. Agglomeration and particle size reduced with substitution of Er, particle size is around ∼ 30 nm. Energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) spectra confirms the presence of selective elements in synthesized samples. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirms that all the bonds strongly correspond to BFO. The substitution of Er in BFO nanoparticles also demonstrates a strong reduction in optical band-gap energy compared with pure BFO. Magnetization studies were carried out by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the saturation magnetization increases with increasing substitution of Er. A photoluminescence (PL) spectrum reveals that the substitution of Er suppressed the recombination of electron-hole pairs.