Down-Regulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) Production after Stimulation of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Infected with HIV-1

Macrophages infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be stimulated as a result of secondary infections. The effect of stimulation of HIV-I-infected monocyte-derived macrophages on HIV-I production by these cells was studied. Exposure of macrophages to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or to opsonized Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or zymosan resulted in a decrease in HIV production. HIV production was inversely related to the degree of stimulation, measured as lucigenin-enhanced chemoluminescence. The production of reactive oxygen intermediates, however, did not seem to be the direct cause of the diminished HIV production, since oxygen-radical scavengers did not prevent the decrease in HIV production