A Pulsed Field Gradient Spin-Echo Method for Diffusion Measurements in the Presence of Internal Gradients

Abstract Over the past decade several pulsed field gradient stimulated-echo methods have been presented for diffusion measurements in heterogeneous media. These methods have reduced or eliminated the coupling between the applied magnetic field gradient and a constant internal magnetic field gradient caused by susceptibility changes throughout the sample. For many research purposes the z -storage delay between the second and third π/2 RF pulse has been included in order to increase the decay of the echo attenuation to an appropriate level and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio by avoiding T 2 relaxation of the magnetization in parts of the pulse sequence. For these reasons a stimulated-echo method has been applied instead of a spin-echo method. When studying systems where it is necessary to keep the duration of the pulse sequence at a minimum, and one is not dependent on using z -storage time to increase the echo attenuation or to study diffusion as a function of observation time, a spin-echo method should be chosen. Here we propose a bipolar pulsed field gradient spin-echo method which is well suited to this purpose, and preliminary diffusion measurements are presented as illustration.