Controlled Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Using a Novel Natural Rosin-Based Surfactant

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) with multiform morphologies, such as hollow dandelion-like bundles and nanoparticles with a diameter of 50nm, was prepared using natural rosin-based surfactant dehydroabietyl phosphate diester (DDPD) as phosphorus source, crystal growth control agent, and template simultaneously by a facile hydrothermal method. Samples were obtained and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that DDPD and pH value of solution were the key factors for the morphology of HAP. Hollow dandelion-like bundles HAP, containing the Ca-monodehydroabietyl phosphate (PM-Ca) organic metal compounds, were formed at pH=3 without acid-base regulation, and nanoparticles were obtained at pH=12. SEM exhibited that the hollow dandelion-like bundles HAP are of 10μm (outer) and 1μm (inner) diameter, respectively. Cell viabilities are above 95% when the cells are co-cultured with all HAP samples at concentrations ...