Analysis of HIV-1 variants by cloning DNA generated with the ViroSeq™ HIV-1 Genotyping System

There are three major classes of antiretroviral drugs approved in the United States for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: protease inhibitors, nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Unfortunately, the efficacy of these drugs is often limited by HIV-1 drug resistance, which is usually caused by mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase enzymes. Sequence-based HIV-1 genotyping assays can be used to detect antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and help guide use of antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 genotyping is complicated by the fact that individuals infected with HIV-1 typically harbor a large popula