Growth, refined structural and spectroscopic characteristics of Tm3+-doped NaGd(WO4)2 single crystals

Abstract The details of Tm 3+ -doped NaGd(WO 4 ) 2 single-crystal growth are discussed, the results of precise investigations of its structural and spectroscopic characteristics, as well as the analysis of cross-relaxation process of Tm 3+ ions ( 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 , 3 H 6 → 3 F 4 ) in this crystal are presented. Based on the Judd–Ofelt theory, three intensity parameters, spontaneous emission probabilities, fluorescence branching ratios and fluorescence quantum efficiency from 3 H 4 and 3 F 4 levels were refined.