Efficacy and safety of supplemental intravenous lidocaine for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Abstract Background and aims Some studies have shown that intravenous (IV) lidocaine reduces the dose requirement of propofol in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of IV lidocaine and propofol compared to propofol alone in GI endoscopic procedures. Methods We reviewed several databases from inception to October 13, 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the role of IV propofol and lidocaine with IV propofol plus placebo for sedation in endoscopic procedures. Our outcomes of interest were difference in total dose of propofol administered, procedure time and intraoperative adverse events. For categorical variables, we calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI); for continuous variables, we calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI. Data were analyzed using random effect model. We used GRADE framework to ascertain the quality of evidence. Results We included five RCTs with 318 patients. We found that the total dose of propofol administered was significantly lower in the lidocaine group than the control group (SMD, -0.76; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.42). We found no significant difference in procedure time (SMD, 0.16; 95% CI, -0.26 to 0.57) or adverse events (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.35 - 1.03) between groups. There was moderate to substantial heterogeneity in the data. Quality of evidence based on GRADE framework ranged from low to moderate. Conclusions Moderate quality of evidence suggests that IV lidocaine decreases the doses of propofol administered for GI endoscopic procedures.